The term "Besatz" of wheat applies to all components of a wheat sample which differ from the normal basic variety.

• Classification of Besatz
  
  Grain dockage
  Broken grains 
  Shrivelled grains 
  Other grains or grains of contrasting varieties 
  Sprouted grains 
  Insect-damaged grains 
  Frost-damaged grains 
  Grains with discoloured germs
  
  Black dockage
  Weed seeds (toxic; non-toxic) 
  Ergot 
  Unsound grains 
  Smutty grains 
  Impurities and chaff
  
  Total Besatz
  Total Besatz is the sum of grain dockage and black dockage.
  
  Animal impurities or impurities of animal origin
  Insect fragments

• Definition of the different groups of Besatz
  
  Broken grains 
  The term "broken grains" applies to all grains belonging to the basic variety, which have not been attacked but in which part of the endosperm is exposed. These include bruised grains and grains with the germ knocked out.
  
  Shrivelled grains
  The term "shrivelled grains" applies to all grains which, after removal of all other groups of Besatz from the wheat sample, pass through a sieve with 2 mm slot-width. Further, all the green, immature grains are included in this group.
  
  Other grains, grains of contrasting varieties
  This term applies to all cereal grains differing from the normal basic variety and to their Besatz components. In a durum wheat sample all vulgare wheat grains and their Besatz components are to be classified as other grains, and vice versa.
  
  Sprouted grains
  The term "sprouted grains" applies to all grains in which the radicle or plumule is clearly visible to the naked eye. The general habit of the wheat should, however, be considered in the assessment of the proportion of sprouted grains. In many wheat samples, e.g., in durum, it is a characteristic of the variety that the germ emerges to a considerable extent, so that movement breaks the bran overlaying the germ, giving a false impression of sprouting. Such grains should not be classified as sprouted grains. Sprouted grains are only those in which distinctly visible changes, easily distinguishable from the normal state, have occurred in the germ.
  
  Insect-damaged grains
  This term applies to all grains showing signs of insect bites or punctures (wheat blossom midges), as well as all grains attacked by wheat bug.
  
  Frost-damaged grains
  No definition of frost-damaged grains is necessary.
  
  Grains with discoloured germ
  This term applies to grains with a brown to brown-black colour of the bran (overlying the germ), the germ being intact and showing no signs of sprouting.
  
  Weed seeds
  No definition of weed seeds is necessary.
  
  Ergot
  No definition of ergot is necessary.
  
  Unsound grains
  This term applies to all grains that have become unsuitable for human consumption because of rot, mould, bacterial attack, or other influences, and includes heat-damaged grains. Heat-damaged grains are fully developed grains the bran of which is greybrown to black and the endosperm of which is yellowish grey to brownish black in colour on dissection. Grains attacked by Wheat Blossom Midge (Contarinia tritic Kirby) are to be classified as unsound grains only if secondary mould attack has discoloured more than half of the surface of the grain to a grey to black colour. If the discolouration has affected less than half of the surface of the grain, the grain is to be classified as insect-damaged.
  
  Smutty grains
  No definition of smutty grains is necessary.
  
  Impurities and chaff
  These terms apply to all components of a wheat sample which will pass through a sieve with 1 mm slot-width. Stones, mud balls and straws, chaff and similar impurities which are found on the sieve also belong to this group.
  
  Insect fragments
  No definition of insect fragments is necessary.
  
  Weevils
  Weevils are grain weevils, as well as other insects which damage grain.

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